A ‘Watershed’ Moment for Desalination
A Cutting-Edge Facility Generates Pure Water and Hydrogen Fuel
from Seawater for Mere Pennies
The last twenty-five years have been the driest quarter-century in the American West in the past 1,200 years. Therefore, desalination is now expected to play an increasing role in meeting growing water demand in California. While desalination has traditionally been a small contributor to California’s water supply because of its high costs, drought conditions and water shortages have driven cities to build desalination projects along the Pacific coast.
Hence, one might call the first three weeks of operations for a new, state-of-the-art seawater desalination plant in coastal China a ‘watershed’ moment for the industry.
Long held back by fundamental difficulties in turning seawater into pure water, this new installation beats out previous flagship desalination plants in Saudi Arabia and California in terms of cost-effectiveness, while adding a new valuable output—green hydrogen fuel.
For every 800 metric tons of seawater, the system delivers 118,877 gallons of pure fresh water, 192,000 standard cubic meters of green hydrogen fuel, and 350 metric tons of mineral-rich brine for marine chemical production.
That hydrogen is enough to power 50 city buses for around 4,600 zero emission-miles of routes each. The process of creating pure hydrogen fuel relies on electrolysis, which uses an electrical current to separate the oxygen atoms from the hydrogen atoms in water. If this process is done through renewable energy, then the result is ‘green’ hydrogen. If it’s powered by fossil fuels, it’s referred to in the industry as ‘grey’ hydrogen.
China's new Rizhao desalination and hydrogen facility creates green hydrogen by using the waste heat from a nearby steel foundry, making it not only green, but free—so long as China remains the steel manufacturing powerhouse that it is.
“This is not just about producing a canister of hydrogen; it opens up a new path for ‘extracting energy from the sea,’” reports a senior engineer at the Laoshan Laboratory, a marine research center in the port city of Qingdao.
Beyond the hydrogen fuel, the cost per cubic meter—the unit used by most of the world to measure water consumption for billing purposes—is a measly US$0.28. This is half the price of the water produced from the Saudi Water Authority’s massive desalination plant, which produces 52-times the amount of fresh water as the Rizhao plant.
It’s also a fraction of the cost of water from the Carlsbad Desalination Plant in California, which charges around $2.20 per cubic meter.

